This type of relative clause merely provides extra information. (less formal) Non-restrictive relative clauses ![]() I hope to hear from the person whom I spent hours talking with last night. I hope I hear from the person with whom I spent hours talking last night. I spent hours talking with a person last night. In less formal English, it’s common to move only the pronoun to the front of the clause. When the noun is the object of the preposition, both the noun and the preposition move together to the front of the relative clause. Students whose grades are low can drop one test score. ![]() ![]() (Only this group of students will do well.) Students who study hard will do well in my class. (Again, this is acceptable, but some people object to using “which” in a restrictive relative clause. I like the paintings which hang in the SASB North lobby. I like the paintings that hang in the SASB North lobby. The paintings hang in the SASB North lobby. (Which paintings? We can’t clearly identify them without the relative clause.) Use “that” or “which” for non-human nouns use “that” or “who” for human nouns. Restrictive relative clauses give information that defines the noun-information that’s necessary for complete identification of the noun. I am moving to Louisville, KY, which is home to the Muhammad Ali Museum. Substitutes for possessive nouns/pronouns (his, hers, ours, theirs)Ĭan only be used in restrictive relative clauses (see below)Ĭan be used in non-restrictive relative clausesĬan also be used in restrictive relative clauses, though some people don’t like this use Substitutes for object nouns/pronouns (him, her, us, them) Substitutes for subject nouns/pronouns (he, she, we, they) A relative clause always begins with a “relative pronoun,” which substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined. It is sometimes called an “adjective clause” because it functions like an adjective-it gives more information about a noun. It has a subject and verb, but can’t stand alone as a sentence. This handout will help you understand what relative clauses are and how they work, and will especially help you decide when to use “that” or “which.” What is a relative clause?Ī relative clause is one kind of dependent clause.
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